Intelligence and Investigation in Security Management

CHAPTER: 1. IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

Article-12. Definition

Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights

Right to Equality

Article—14.-—Equality before the law

Article—16.—Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment

Article 21: Protection of life and personal liberty

Article 21-A: Right to education

Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases

Article—23: Right against Exploitation

Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labor

Article—24: Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc

Article 31-B: Validation of certain Acts and Regulations

Article 31-C: Saving of laws giving effect to certain directive principles

Right to Constitutional Remedies

Article 32: Remedies for enforcement of rights conferred by this Part

Article 34: Restriction on rights conferred by this Part while martial law is in force in any area

Fundamental Duties

Article 51-A

 

CHAPTER: 2 LAW AND ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE IN INDIA

Judicial Precedents

Administration of Justice in India

Original Jurisdiction

Appellate Jurisdiction

The power to review

The High Court and its powers

Subordinate Courts

Tribunals

Arbitration

Consumer Forums

 

CHAPTER: 3 JURISDICTION, COGNIZANCE AND PROFESSIONAL INVESTIGATION

Status, Right and Role of Private Professionals

Pitch for Professional Investigators v. Law Enforcement Agencies

 

CHAPTER: 4 CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT/RECONSTRUCTION

What is the scene of the crime? The place of occurrence?

Types of physical evidence encountered in different types of cases

Scene management and investigation

Scene search as a general process

Duties & responsibilities of scene investigator

 

CHAPTER: 5 FINGERPRINT PRESERVATION AND EXAMINATION

“Faces can lie, fingerprints never do”

Uses of fingerprints

Print types

1. Latent prints

2. Patent or Visible prints

3. Plastic prints

Search for prints

Development of Latent prints

Classifying fingerprints

Pattern

Delta

Core

Types of pattern

Composite

Approach to identification and comparison of fingerprints

Automated Fingerprint Identification System

 

CHAPTER: 6 EVIDENCE COLLECTION AND PRESERVATION

Introduction

Relevance

Foundation

Types of Evidence

Sealing

Collection of Evidence

1. Blood Stains

2. Hair

3. Fibers and Threads

4. Glass

5. Paint

6. Tool Marks

7. Questioned Documents

 

CHAPTER: 7 IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF INDIAN PENAL CODE

Section 120-A Definition of Criminal conspiracy

Essential ingredients

Section 120-B: Punishment of Criminal conspiracy

Section 299: Culpable homicide

Section 300. Murder

When culpable homicide is not murder

Section 304 B. Dowry death

339. Wrongful restraint

340. Wrongful Confinement

Prevent from proceeding

Section 378. Theft

Section 403. Dishonest misappropriation of property

Section 405. Criminal breach of trust

Section 415. Cheating

Section 420. Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property

 

CHAPTER: 8 SECURITY INTELLIGENCE IN INTERNAL VIGILANCE AT FACTORIES

WORKPLACES

Why Vigilance

Role of Vigilance in our Context

Types of Corruption

Implementation

Suggestions

Security Intelligence Management-Involvement of Security Providers with Client in Formulating Corporate Affairs Philosophy

 

CHAPTER: 9 IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT

Introduction

Important Legal Aspects in the Act

Section 3 Interpretation clause

Explanation

Section 5. Evidence may be given of facts in issue and relevant facts

Section 6. Relevancy of facts forming part of the same transaction

Section 7. Facts which are occasion, cause, or effect of facts in issue

Section 8. Motive, preparation, and previous or subsequent conduct

Section 9. Facts necessary to explain or introduce relevant facts

Section 10. Things said or done by conspirators in reference to common design

Section 11. When Facts not otherwise relevant become relevant

Section 13. Facts relevant when right or custom is in question

Section 27. How much information received from the accused may be proved

1. The Constitution of India

2. The Indian Evidence Act

Section 51 of the Indian Evidence Act

Section 73 of the Indian Evidence Act

Dying declaration under clause (1) of section 32

Section 118 who may testify as a witness is important as a Private Investigator can also testify as a witness

 

CHAPTER: 10 EXPLOSIVE INVESTIGATION

Introduction

Explosive

Types of Explosive

Primary Explosives

Low Explosives

High Explosives

Blasting Agents

History of manufacture and use of Explosives

Explosives Investigation

Location and collection

The Scene of Explosion

1. Proper planning of the handling of the scene of the explosion is indispensable

2. The clue at the scene of the explosion are from:

3. Collection of clues

4. Evaluation

 

CHAPTER: 11 THE ART OF PHOTOGRAPHY

Introduction

Functioning of a Camera

Rules for Photography

Crime scene photography

Digital Camera

 

CHAPTER: 12 FIRE AND ARSON INVESTIGATION

Introduction

Chemical reaction

Temperatures of flames by the appearance

Arson fire

Types of initiators

Types of accelerators

Motives of Arson

Profile of an arsonist

Hole of Fire Investigator and Security Managers

Investigative checklist

Aspects of Inquiry

Steps for Investigation

Collection of Clues

 

CHAPTER: 13 ANTI ESPIONAGE OPERATIONS

Reasons for Committing Espionage

Preventing Industrial Espionage

Technical Security

Operational Security

Physical Security

Personnel Security

 

CHAPTER:14 HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION

Introduction

Protection of Human Right Act, 1993

National Human Rights Commission

The Indian Context

Implementation of Human Rights in India

International Human Rights Developments

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Classification of human rights in UDHR

Role of Private Investigators and Security personnel in the protection of Human Rights

a. Protection of Human rights in situation of.Terrorism and insurgencies

b. Investigation in custodial deaths, Fake Encounters & cases of torture

c. Investigation of Crime against women& children

Directive Principles for Investigators/ Security Managers

 

CHAPTER: 15 IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF THE CODE OF CRIMINAL

PROCEDURE, 1973

The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

The Provisions

Section 2. Definition of important words only are given here under

Section 12. Chief Judicial Magistrate and Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate

Section 17. Chief Metropolitan Magistrate and Additional Chief Metropolitan

Magistrate

Section 20. Executive Magistrates

Section 26. Power of Courts

Section 27. Jurisdiction in the case of juveniles

Section 28. Sentences which High Courts and Sessions Judges may pass

Section 29. Sentences which Magistrates may pass:

Section 41. The arrest of Persons when police may arrest without warrant

Section 42. Arrest on refusal to give name and residence

Section 43. Arrest by private person and procedure on such arrest

Section 82. Proclamation for person absconding

Section 125. Order for Maintenance of Wives, Children and Parents

Section 154. Information in cognizable cases

Section 156. Police officer’s power to investigate cognizable case

Section 197. Prosecution of Judges and public servants

Complaints to Magistrates

Section 200. Examination of complainant

Trial before a Court of Session

Section 225. Trial to be conducted by Public Prosecutor

Section 227. Discharge

Section 228. Framing of charge

Section 232. Acquittal

Section 291. Deposition of medical witness

Section 292. Evidence of officers of the Mint

Section 293. Reports of certain Government scientific experts

Section 57. Person arrested not to be detained more than twenty-four hours

Section 97. Search for persons wrongfully confined

Section 330. Release of lunatic pending investigation or trial

Provisions as to Offences Affecting the Administration of Justice

Section 340. Procedure in cases mentioned in section 195

 

CHAPTER: 16 TERRORISM, COUNTERTERRORISM, AND INTELLIGENCE GATHERING

Introduction

Sociological profile of Terrorism

Age

Educational, Occupational and Socioeconomic Background:

Terrorist Leaders

Psychological Aspects

Terrorists Goals

Immediate Goals

For Security Managers to understand and implement

Terrorist Profiling: Knowing the Enemy

To understand terrorists you need to know more about their tactics:

The Early Warning Signals and Surprise: Detect the Terrorist

Terrorist Group Mindset Profiling

Terrorists can be separated into different categories

Intelligence gathering

International Terrorism in India

Terrorist Outfits in India

Underworld & Terrorism

Suicide Bombing

Cyber Terrorism

Tool

Target

Steps for a layman to counter cyber terrorism

Steps to counter Terrorism

Anti -Terror Laws in India (in force from time to time)

 

CHAPTER: 17 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

The need for accident investigation

Investigation procedure

Fact finding

Injured victims

Physical Evidence

Eyewitness Accounts

Interviewing

Background Information

Report writing

 

CHAPTER: 18 UNDERSTANDING & INTRODUCING FORENSIC SCIENCE EVIDENCE

What is Forensic Science?

Principles of Forensic Science Evidence

1. The law of Individuality

2. The principle of Exchange

3. The principle of Progressive change

4. The principle of Comparison

5. Principle of Analysis

6. Law and Principles of Probability

Facts do not lie

Expert’s Report

Role of Prosecution Counsel or that of a Private Advocate

1. Establish the Bona fide of the Expert

2. Understand the Evidence

3. Ensure Induction of Demonstrative Evidence

4. Anticipate the Defence Line

5. Listen to the cross examination attentively

Laws Governing Forensic Science or Expert’s Evidence

1. The Constitution of India

2. The Indian Evidence Act

3. The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

4. The Identification of Prisoner's Act

5. Case laws and laws of conventions

Roles of Private Investigators, their Clients, Advocates and Private Forensic Science Experts

 

CHAPTER: 19 THE ART AND SCIENCE OF INVESTIGATIVE INTERVIEWING

‘Science’ of Interrogation:

What is Investigative Interviewing?

Human Psychology—In understanding personality type of witness

Practical Application

Following tips would be of help

Something that did not ring true though it sounded like true

Why Interviews

Who to Interview

Interviewing Skills

Aims and objectives of Investigative Interviews:

Investigative Interviews

What is active listening?

Common interviewing errors

 

CHAPTER: 20 BODY LANGUAGE—NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Non-Verbal Communications

Here it is and Mow to Know Your Customer’s Personality

Enacting Projections

Make Believe Strategy

Looking, Seeing Observing

Universal Non-Verbal Behaviours

Behavioural Patterns

Body Language

So get a Leg up on Body Language. How?

A deceptive person’s body language would generally exhibit following signs:

1. Learn the art of interview/interrogation

2. Master the Facts

3. Talk about other persons

4. Study his attire carefully

5. Master the art of reading body language