Human Rights Controversies: The Impact of Legal Form

Many countries confront similar human rights controversies, but, despite the claimed universality of human rights values they are not always resolved in the same way. Why? What role do local legal conditions play? Is human rights discourse more potent where rights are constitutionally entrenched, rather than where there is a tradition of respect for underlying human rights values but no bill of rights?

Comparative socio-legal examination of three recent controversies - double jeopardy reform, recognition of same-sex relationships and the operation of hate speech laws - in four countries - Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the United Kingdom provides answers to these questions.

Examination of these controversies suggests that differences in the design of domestic legal institutions and procedures for the injection of human rights values into legal decision-making processes can have a powerful effect on the manner in which human rights issues are constructed, handled and resolved.

Introduction: Universal Human Rights in a World of Localities. The Legal Protection of Human Rights: Rolling Back an Established Human Right: 'Reforming' the Rule Against Double Jeopardy. Pushing the Boundaries of Human Rights Protection: Equality and the Recognition of Same Sex Relationships. Balancing 'Competing' Human Rights: Drawing the Free Speech/Hate Speech Line. Conclusions: Does Legal Form Matter?