Role of Forensic Science in Investigation of Rape Against Women: A Comparative Study of India, UK and Australia

This is a legal research thesis examining how forensic science and medical evidence function in rape investigations and prosecutions, using India, the UK, and Australia as points of comparison.

The book explores how forensic evidence - DNA, semen, blood, trace evidence, digital forensics, forensic pathology, and specialized fields such as forensic odontology, entomology, and voice analysis - is collected, preserved, and used to prove rape cases in court, alongside the legal frameworks that govern the admissibility of that evidence.

• Chapter 1 - Introduction: Frames rape as a crime, introduces forensic science's role, and surveys the scale of the problem across all three countries, citing NCRB, Rape Crisis England & Wales, and Australian Bureau of Statistics data.
• Chapter 2 - Importance of Foreruic Evidence in Rape Cases: The book's largeat section - covers legal definitions of rape and consent, criminological theories, medical examination procedures, the rape investigation kit, the banned two finger test, and un extensive survey of forensic discipline (DNA, toxicology, trace evidence, digital forensics, pathology, and more), plus special contexts like marital rape, live-in relatlonships, child victims, and drug-
  facilitated rape.
• Chapter 3 - Legal Provisions: Analyses Indian statutes (BNS, BNSS, BSA, POCSO, SC/ST Act), comparing the new criminal codes to their predecessors (IPC, CrPC, Evidence Act).
• Chapter 4 - International and National Perspective: Compares medical examination practices and legal frameworks acrose India, UK, and Australia, and surveys international conventions (CEDAW, Istanbul Convention, UDHR, ICCFR, etc.) and national schemes (Niti Aayog, Nirbhaya Fund, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao).
• Chapter 5 - Conclusion and Suggestions: Synthesises findings and offers policy recommendations for strengthening forensic and legal responses to rape.

This book is intended for legal researchers, advocates, judges, forensic science professionals, medical practitioners, police and investigating officers, academicians, students of law and criminology, and policymakers working on sexual offences, forensic evidence and criminal justice.