New plant variety or plant breeding involves the discovery or creation of genetic variations in plant species. This required plant breeders to come up with several permutations and combinations, that would result in the desired variation, and that can be further produced. Much technology and R&D goes into creating such variations and selecting from among the variations. Substantial investment goes into plant breeding in terms of skill, labor, time, material and cost. This module deals with a form of intellectual property that protects new plant varieties and the rights of farmers and plant breeders. We shall explore about the plant breeders' rights, what can be protected under such IP, criteria for protecting, registration process and acts that cause infringement of plant variety.