Intermediaries in International Conflict

Few scholars have attempted to evaluate critically the role mediators play in managing international conflicts. Thomas Princen examines where mediation fits in the larger realm of diplomatic practice, going beyond the usual state-centric focus to account for the mediating activities of a wide range of actors-from superpowers to small states, from international organizations to nongovernmental groups. Originally published in 1992. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

List of FiguresPrefacePt. 1The Nature of Intermediary InterventionCh. 1Introduction: Intermediaries in International Conflict3The Prevalence of Intermediary Intervention4The Function of Intermediaries in International Conflict Management7Intermediary Influence and the Study of International Relations and Negotiation12Conclusion16Ch. 2Third Parties: Principals and Neutrals18Third-Party Interests and Capabilities19The Target of Intervention23Impediments to Reaching Agreement27The Neutral's Dilemma29Conclusion30Ch. 3The Bases of Intermediary Influence: Reconfiguration, Proposal Making, and Information Pooling32Bargaining Structure32Third Parties and the Structure of the Bargain36Conclusion44Ch. 4The Intermediary's Decision Problems: Entry and Exit46Direct Negotiations47Intervention Question47Intermediary Interests48Entry Decision: Gaining Control51Exit Decision: Urging Agreement54Conclusion59Ch. 5The Disputants' Decision Problems: Acceptance, Initiation, Role Bargaining60Acceptance60Initiation63Role Bargain64Conclusion66Pt. 2Intermediary Intervention in Practice: Principal MediatorsCh. 6Camp David: Jimmy Carter Mediates between Israel and Egypt, 1977-197969The Case70Analysis of Carter's Intervention86Conclusion104Ch. 7Portsmouth: Theodore Roosevelt Mediates between Russia and Japan, 1904-1984107The Case108Analysis of Roosevelt's Intervention122Conclusion129Pt. 3Intermediary Intervention in Practice: Neutral MediatorsCh. 8Vatican: Pope John Paul II Mediates between Argentina and Chile, 1978-1984133The Case133Analysis of the Vatican Intervention162Conclusion183Ch. 9Biafra: The OAU, the British, and the Quakers Mediate in the Nigerian Civil War, 1967-1970186The Case187Analysis of the Biafra Interventions199Conclusion211Ch. 10Conclusion214The Practice of Intermediaries216The Challenge of Intermediary Intervention219Notes227Bibliography253Index261