Law and Society

Unlike comparable books on law and society available today, Matthew Lippman takes an interdisciplinary approach to integrate distinctive coverage of diversity, inequality, and globalism through an organized theme in a strong narrative. This practical and invigorating text provides readers with a better understanding of the connection between law and society and the impact recent literature on crime, justice, international human rights, and law has had to promote that connection.

Preface CHAPTER 1: AN INTRODUCTION TO LAW AND SOCIETY An Introduction to Law and Society Definitions of Law Norms, Mores, and Folkways Approaches to Defining Law Summary of Definitions of Law Families of Law The Common Law The Civil Law Tradition The Socialist Legal Tradition The Islamic Legal Tradition International Law The Functions of Law Dispute Resolution Social Change The Disfunctions of Law The Study of Law The Study of Legal Doctrine The Study of Jurisprudence Law and Society Two Perspectives on Law and Society A Consensus Perspective A Conflict Perspective CHAPTER 2: THEORIES OF LAW AND JUSTICE Legal Systems Natural Law Legal Positivism Utilitarianism The Categorical Imperative Historical School Classical Sociological Theorists Legal Realism Sociological Jurisprudence Functionalism Legal Behavioralism Libertarianism Critical Legal Studies Critical Race Theory Feminist Jurisprudence CHAPTER 3: THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF COURTS, LEGISLATURES, AND ADMINISTRATIVE AGENCIES Courts and Conflict Resolution The Development of Federal Courts The Structure of the Judicial System Judicial Gatekeeping The Jurisdiction of Federal Courts Federal District Courts' Federal Courts of Appeal The U.S. Supreme Court The Background of Supreme Court Judges Judicial Review The Supreme Court and Congress The Organization of State Courts State Courts of Limited Jurisdiction State Courts of General Jurisdiction State Appellate Courts State Supreme Courts State Judicial Selection How Judges Decide Disputes Legislation The Constitutional Role of the Legislature The Function of the Legislature Interest Groups and Lobbyists Administrative Agencies The Legal Basis of Administrative Agencies Controlling Administrative Decision-Making Administrative Agencies and Regulated Industries Administrative Regulation of Sexual Harassment on Campus Law Enforcement A Profile of the Police State and Local Police Federal Law Enforcement Private Security International Perspective: The United Nations System CHAPTER 4: THE LEGAL PROFESSION Perspectives on the Legal Profession The Historical Development of the English Legal Profession The Growth of the American Legal Profession The Early Years The Middle Years The Contemporary Legal Profession The American Bar Association The Contemporary Legal Profession Solo Practitioners and Small Firm Lawyers Large Corporate Law Firms Government Lawyers In-House Corporate Counsel Women Lawyers African-American Lawyers Professional Satisfaction International Perspective on the Legal Profession in China CHAPTER 5: LAW SCHOOLS, ACCESS TO JUSTICE, AND LEGAL ETHICS Admission to Law School The Law School Experience Admission to the Bar Lawyers, Clients, and Access to Justice Advertising Contingent Fee Legal Service Plans Meeting the Legal Needs of the Poor Pro Bono Cause Lawyers Self-Representation Ethics Complaints International Perspective on Legal Education CHAPTER 6: DISPUTE RESOLUTION Stages of Disputing Methods of Dispute Resolution Preconditions for Adjudication Social Influences on Disputing American Attitudes Towards the Law The Debate Over Litigation in America Alternative Dispute Resolution A History of Alternative Dispute Resolution International Perspective: Gacaca Courts in Rwanda CHAPTER 7: CRIMINAL COURTS The Adversarial Trial Crime Control and Due Process Defense Attorneys Indigent Defense Prosecutor Prosecutors and The Dismissal Of Cases The Grand Jury Plea Bargaining The Development of Plea Bargaining Working Groups The Mutuality of Advantage in Plea Bargaining International Perspective Inquisitorial Legal Systems CHAPTER 8: JURIES The Jury in Criminal Cases The Development of The American Jury Jury Decision-Making Judges and Juries Jury Nullification Jury Selection Social Science and Jury Selection The Jury and The Death Penalty Sentencing Types of Sentences Factors in Sentencing Sentencing Reform and Three Strikes Laws Wrongful convictions International Perspective The International Criminal Court CHAPTER 9: LAW AND SOCIAL CONTROL Informal and Formal Social Control Legal Controls Criminal Penalties Deterrence Requirements for Deterrence General Deterrence Evaluating General Deterrence Types of Crime and Genera Deterrence Specific Deterrence The Ethics of Deterrence Capital Punishment Executions The Application of the Death Penalty Public Opinion and the Death Penalty The Debate Over Capital Punishment Capital Punishment and Deterrence International Perspectives on Capital Punishment Victimless Crimes Prostitution Gambling White Collar Crime International Perspective: Genocide CHAPTER 10: THE IMPACT OF LAW ON SOCIETY The Impact of Society on the Law Law as the Cause of Social Change Compliance, Rejection and Evasion of the Law Courts and Social Change School Integration Abortion Same-Sex Marriage The Impact of Law on Criminal Justice Interrogations and Confessions Prison Reform Law and Social Movements Civil Disobedience and Social Change The International Law of Human Rights FGM and the Implementation of International Human Rights CHAPTER 11: LAW AND RACIAL AND ETHNIC INEQUALITY Critical Race Theory Driving While Black (DWB) and Racial Profiling Race and Stand Your Ground Laws Race and the War on Drugs Mass Incarceration and Crack Cocaine Race and Crack Cocaine Hate Crimes The Color of Immigration Law The Cultural Defense International Perspective: Global Sex Trafficking CHAPTER 12: INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL CRIME The Evolution of the International Law of Human Rights The United Nations and Human Rights The United Nations Human Rights System Domestic Enforcement of International Human Rights Conflicting Perspectives on International Human Rights Domestic Courts and Human Rights U.S. Congressional Statutes on International Human Rights Child Soldiers and the Humanitarian Law of War Corporations and Human Rights Drones and Counter-Terrorism Torture and Crimes Against Humanity The United States and Enhanced Interrogation CHAPTER 13: PRIVACY AND SURVEILLANCE Does Privacy Matter A Brief History of The Law of Privacy The Law of Privacy Intimate Relationships Reproductive Rights Personal Information Searches and Seizures Statutory Protections The Constitutional Right To Privacy The Panopticon Society Governmental Surveillance Private Sector On-Line Data Collection Identity Theft Cybercrime A Digital Constitution Drug Testing DNA Fingerprints and Biometric Identification International Perspective: Internet Surveillance Glossary References Index About the Author