Arvind Verma and K S Subramanian: Understanding the police in India

SoftcoverThe police continue to hit the headlines in India, generally for all the wrong reasons. India must be one of the few democratic countries where citizens do not trust the police, an important administrative organ of their elected government, and feel intimidated by them. The Indian police are seen to serve the interests of the ruling elite, despite the passage of 65 years of independence. A widespread belief pins most of the ills to the ‘politicization’ of the service, in which politicians are dubbed the culprits, not letting the police play its rightful role in the society. However, the problems of the Indian police run deep-the design, structure, culture and leadership are all equally responsible for the present state of affairs. This remains hidden due to a lack of understanding about the nature and functions of the police in the country. Apart from the memoirs of many police officers and the occasional academic study of specific issues related to policing, knowledge about the police remains limited in the country and to most concerned citizens. This book attempts to fill this gap by providing a lucid and thoughtful exposition of the police system of the country. Two new chapters on the growing violence against women, and policing white collar crimes have been added highlighting the policing issues that have evoked considerable debate and discussion in recent times. The book written by two former senior police officers provides not only an insider’s viewpoint but also a dispassionate analysis of the police organisation. This book provides a balanced picture of policing in India and addresses serious issues that have confronted the police in recent years. This new edition will be valued by judges, lawyers, police officers, investigating agencies, research scholars, academicians, political and social activists, Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) and other interested citizens.

Contents CCoonntteennttss Preface to the Second Edition ...............................................................v Preface to the First Edition............................................................... viii Acknowledgement................................................................................x Contents ............................................................................................xi CHAPTER 1 History of Modern Police in India.................................................... 1 Introduction........................................................................................... 1 CASE STUDY Kissa Kursi Ka: A Case of Political Shenanigan ................................... 13 CHAPTER 2 The Union Home Ministry and Police Organisation........................ 21 Origins of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).................................... 21 Constitutional Mandate ......................................................................... 21 Activities ................................................................................................ 23 Central Police Organisations (CPOs) ............................................... 24 Central Police Forces (CPFs)............................................................ 25 The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)........................................ 26 Assam Rifles (AR) ............................................................................ 26 Border Security Force (BSF)............................................................. 27 Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) .......................................... 27 Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) ................................................. 27 Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)/Special Service Bureau............................ 27 National Security Guard (NSG)....................................................... 27 India Reserve Battalions (IR Battalions) ........................................... 28 CASE STUDY Nandigram: State Violence, Central Paramilitary Forces and The State Police Forces ................................................................................. 31 Contents xii CHAPTER 3 State Police Forces: Structure, Recruitment and Training ................ 37 Other Departments in the State Police Organisation .............................. 41 Recruitment and Training...................................................................... 42 CASE STUDY Training of IPS Officers ...................................................................... 48 CHAPTER 4 The Intelligence Collection Role of Police: Case of Intelligence Bureau ........................................................................................ 61 Political Importance of the IB ................................................................ 65 Misuse of Intelligence Agencies by the Government ............................... 66 Internal Political Intelligence .................................................................. 67 Political Role of Intelligence Agencies..................................................... 69 LP Singh Committee Recommendations................................................ 70 National Security Council ...................................................................... 71 CASE STUDY Spy Spook in India .............................................................................. 73 CHAPTER 5 Crime Investigation .......................................................................... 85 Introduction........................................................................................... 85 Registration of Crimes ..................................................................... 86 The Process of Investigation............................................................. 87 Search and Seizures .......................................................................... 88 Arrest of Suspects ............................................................................. 89 Documentation and Presentation of Evidence in the Court.............. 90 Conclusion....................................................................................... 91 CASE STUDY Aarushi Talwar-Hemraj Double Murder Investigation ......................... 93 CHAPTER 6 Order Maintenance .......................................................................... 99 Introduction........................................................................................... 99 Definition of Public Disorder in India ............................................. 100 Contents xiii Varieties of Disorder Situations in India........................................... 101 Police Tactics in Maintaining Order ................................................ 102 Separating Law-Order Functions from Crime Control Responsibilities .. 105 CASE STUDY The Politics of Order Maintenance: Gujjar Agitation in Rajasthan ....... 110 CHAPTER 7 Police and Women in India .............................................................. 119 Growing Violence Against Women in India ........................................... 119 Police Indifference and Insensitive Attitude Towards Women ................ 122 Positive Developments ........................................................................... 129 Suggested Reforms ................................................................................. 131 CASE STUDY Torture and Extrajudicial Execution of Ms Thangjam Manorama........ 133 CHAPTER 8 Terrorism in India............................................................................ 137 Introduction........................................................................................... 137 Pakistan’s Involvement in Promoting Terrorism in India........................ 141 Preventive Measures Against Terrorism .................................................. 144 CASE STUDY Salwa Judum-‘State Terror’ Against ‘Maoist Terror’ in Chhattisgarh..... 149 CHAPTER 9 Human Insecurity and the Indian Police ......................................... 155 Introduction........................................................................................... 155 CASE STUDY The Narmada Valley Development Project and Human Insecurity in India ............................................................................................. 165 CHAPTER 10 Policing White Collar Crimes and Corruption ................................. 173 What is White-Collar Crime?................................................................. 173 Contents xiv Extent of White-Collar Crimes in India ................................................. 174 Major White Collar Crimes and Corruption Cases in the Country......... 177 India corruption profile.................................................................... 182 Police Agencies Handling White-Collar Crimes and Corruption of Public Officials ................................................................................ 182 Central Bureau of Investigation........................................................ 183 Other Measures: The Right to Information Act 2005............................. 185 Central Information Commission .................................................... 186 Lokayuktas................................................................46.Condition of producing solvency certificate from surety permissible852
47.Benefit of S. 427 cannot be denied merely because convict was on bail, etc852
48.Courts have power to release on personal bond852
49.Effect of release on personal bond853
50.Reconsideration of quantum of bail853
51.Advocate identifying surety acts as lawyer853
52.Conditions as to sureties in bailable offence not to be excessive854
53.Object of requiring accused to give security for appearance854
54.Duty of court with regard to sureties855
55.Cash security cannot be demanded855
56.Asking for bail or bail bond while acquitting accused856
57.Fresh bail bonds when lesser offence converted into a more serious offence856
58.Insistence of personal bond and surety a matter of discretion in bailable offence857
CHAPTER 9
DECLARATION BY SURETIES
1.Corresponding old law.858
2.Meaning of ‘Bail’-includes with or without sureties858
CHAPTER 10
DISCHARGE FROM CUSTODY
1.Corresponding old law.859
2.No time limit to execute bond after order of bail.859
3.Accused to be released on execution of bonds.860
4.Issuance of order of release to jail authorities in respect of release under S. 167(2).860
CHAPTER 11
POWER TO ORDER SUFFICIENT BAIL WHEN
THAT FIRST TAKEN IS INSUFFICIENT
1.Corresponding old law.861
CHAPTER 12
DISCHARGE OF SURETIES
1.Corresponding old law.862
2.Scope of section.863
3.Provisions of section meant for continuity of surety bond.863
4.Procedure when a surety desires not to continue as such.863
5.If surety not agreeable to modification in conditions, he must apply to discharge him.863
6.Direction for discharge of personal bond and surety bond on cancellation of bail.864
CHAPTER 13
DEPOSIT INSTEAD OF RECOGNIZANCE
1. Corresponding old law865
2.Scope of section865
3.Object of section866
4.S. 445 takes care of purpose of bail866
5.Discretion to allow accused to deposit cash or Government promissory notes866
6.Difference between cash deposit and execution of bond867
7.Requirement of cash security or surety867
8.Demanding cash security from accused-whether permissible?867
9.Section available only to accused and not to sureties867
10.Cash security cannot be demanded867
11.Condition to furnish bank security not possible while granting bail868
12.Release on cash bail without executing any bond868
13.Bail and bond with or without sureties868
14.Acceptance of deposit of money in lieu of execution of bond for release under S. 167(2)869
15.Condition of cash bail not to be harsh, oppressive and resulting in denial of bail869
16.Cash security-Illustrative cases869
CHAPTER 14
PROCEDURE WHEN BOND HAS BEEN FORFEITED
1. Corresponding old law872
2.Scope of section872
3.Meaning of ‘Bail’-includes with or without sureties872
4.Notice necessary before ordering person to pay penalty in bond872
5.Notice to surety not to be issued unless order of forfeiture is passed875
6.No de novo enquiry necessary where show cause notice to surety was not set aside875
7.On forfeiture of bond of surety, steps under S. 446 can be taken against surety and accused875
8.Forfeiture of personal bond of accused not a condition precedent to forfeiture of bond of surety875
9.Forfeiture of bond of surety alone when no bond was executed by accused himself876
10.Proceeding for realis