People of India : Vol. XIII: Andhra Pradesh (3 Parts-Set)

Contents: Foreword. Part I: I. Introduction. II. The communities: 1. Achchukattalavandlu/Singamvallu. 2. Adi Dravida. 3. Agarwal/Aggarwal/Agrawal. 4. Agnikula Kshatriya. 5. Aguru. 6. Aiyarakulu. 7. Andh. 8. Andhra Vaishnava. 9. Anglo-Indian. 10. Arab. 11. Aradhyulu. 12. Arakala. 13. Are-Bondili/Bommalatavallu. 14. Are Kapu. 15. Are Katika. 16. Arundhatiya/Arunthatiyar/Arunthathiyar. 17. Arundhatiyar. 18. Arwa Mala. 19. Atar/Gandhodi Saibulu. 20. Atollu/Gudem Dasari. 21. Attagara/Atagara. 22. Attar Saibulu. 23. Bagatha. 24. Baita Kammara. 25. Balasanthu/Balasanthosha. 26. Balija/Gazula Balija. 27. Balija/Gopathi Balija. 28. Balija/Kondeti Balija. 29. Balija/Linga Balija. 30. Balija/Musugu Balija. 31. Balija/Periki/Periki Balija. 32. Balija/Rajamahendram Balija. 33. Balija/Setti Balija. 34. Balija/Setty Balija. 35. Balija/Uppu Balija. 36. Balija/Vada Balija/Voda Balija. 37. Banda/Bander/Lander. 38. Bandollu. 39. Banjara/Mathura Banjara. 40. Banjara Sikh. 41. Bariki. 42. Bavuri. 43. Budaga Jangam/Beda Jangam. 44. Bestha/Bestar. 45. Bhagavatulu. 46. Bhatrajulu/Bhatraju. 47. Bhondari. 48. Bindla. 49. Bohara. 50. Bolla. 51. Bondili/Bondil. 52. Borewale. 53. Boya/Chaduru Boya. 54. Boya/Chinna Boya. 55. Boya/Pedda Boya. 56. Boya/Bedar. 57. Budabukkala. 58. Budubudikki/Are Budbudikke. 59. Budubudikki/Gantaa Budbudikke. 60. Byagara. 61. Chakali/Chakkali/Chakkoli/Chakala. 62. Chakketakare. 63. Chalavadi/Chalvadi. 64. Chamadollu. 65. Chamar/Chambar/Mochi/Muchi/Muchia. 66. Chattada Srivaishnava/Sathani Vaishnava/Sathani/Ayyawar. 67. Chembadi. 68. Chenchu. 69. Chippollu/Mera. 70. Chitar/Chittari. 71. Christians. 72. Christians/Indian Christians. 73. Chundollu. 74. Dakhani Sikh/Deccani Sikh. 75. Dakkal/Dakkala/Dakkaliga. 76. Dammali. 77. Dandasi. 78. Dasari. 79. Dasari/Butta Dasari. 80. Dasari/Krishna Balija. 81. Dasari/Kumkum Dasari. 82. Dasari/Poosala. 83. Devanga. 84. Devara. 85. Dhob/Dhoba/Dhobi. 86. Dhobi Muslim/Muslim Dhobi/Dhobi Musalman. 87. Didoyi. 88. Dom/Domb/Domban/Dombara. 89. Dombara/Dommara/Dombar. 90. Dravidulu. 91. Dudekula/Panjikutti. 92. Ekere. 93. Ekere/Pala Ekiri. 94. Faqir/Fhakir/Budbudki. 95. Gadaba. 96. Gandalla/Gandhalla. 97. Gandla/Ganuga/Tilakula. 98. Gangireddula. 99. Gantasayebulu. 100. Garadi/Garadi Muslim. 101. Gavara. 102. Godagali. 103. Godari. 104. Golla/Pedditi Golla. 105. Golla/Yerragolla. 106. Gond. 107. Gosangi. 108. Gosangi Muslim. 109. Goudu. 110. Gowda. 111. Guddi/Eluguvallu. 112. Gudia/Gudiya. 113. Gujaratis. 114. Gurika/Palaguriki. Part II: 115. Hajam/Nai/Navind. 116. Hatagar/Hatgar/Hatagara. 117. Idiga/Ediga. 118. Irani. 119. Irla. 120. Jaggali. 121. Jain. 122. Jakkula. 123. Jalakaduguvallu. 124. Jalari/Pallae. 125. Jambuvulu/Jambavulu/Adi Jambavulu. 126. Jandra. 127. Jangam/Jangama. 128. Jangam/Churuku Jangam/Pakanati Jangam. 129. Jangam/Mulaka Jangam. 130. Jangam/Nakka Jangam. 131. Jatapu/Jatapu Dora. 132. Jethi/Jetti/Jetty/Jhetty. 133. Jingar/Jeenigarlu. 134. Jogi/Jugi. 135. Kachi/Kashi. 136. Kaikala. 137. Kaikolan. 138. Kalavantulu/Kalawant. 139. Kalinga/Kalinji. 140. Kamatamollu. 141. Kamma. 142. Kammara/Ozulu. 143. Kampo. 144. Kanakku Pillai/Kanakka Pillai/Karnigar. 145. Kanchari. 146. Kandara/Kandra/Kondara. 147. Kannadiga/Kannadigas. 148. Kapu/Munnuru Kapu. 149. Kapu/Turpu Kapu. 150. Karna Kamma Brahman. 151. Karnibhakthulu. 152. Katikapala/Katipapala. 153. Kayashtha/Kayasth/Kayastha. 154. Keralites/Malayalis. 155. Khatika. 156. Khatik/Khatik Muslim/Kasab. 157. Kolam. 158. Kommu Dasari. 159. Kommula. 160. Konda Dora. 161. Konda Kammara/Kammara. 162. Konda Kapu/Kondakapu. 163. Konda Reddi/Hill Reddi. 164. Kondh/Kond/Kandha. 165. Koracha. 166. Kosalanati Brahman. 167. Koshtha/Koshta/Koshti. 168. Kotia/Kotiya. 169. Kotia/Bentho Oriya. 170. Koya/Koya Dora. 171. Koya/Konda Rajulu. 172. Koya/Racha Koya. 173. Kshatriya Raju/Raju. 174. Kulia. 175. Kummara/Kumbara/Kummari. 176. Kurahina Setty/Kurni. 177. Kurakula/Kuraakula/Kurrakula. 178. Kurmapu. 179. Kuruma/Kuruba. 180. Labbai/Labbi. 181. Lambadi. 182. Lohana. 183. Madhva Brahman/Madhwa Brahman. 184. Madiga. 185. Madiga/Baineedu. 186. Madiga Christian. 187. Madiga Dasu. 188. Madiga Mashten/Madiga Mashteen. 189. Mahanty. 190. Mahar. 191. Maharashtrian/Marathi/Marati. 192. Maharashtra Brahman. 193. Maheshwari. 194. Mailarulu. 195. Majjula. 196. Mala. 197. Mala/Asadhi Mala. 198. Mala Christian. 199. Mala Dasari. 200. Mala Jangam. 201. Mala Masti. 202. Mala Sale/Netkani/Nethakani. 203. Mali. 204. Malis. 205. Mallesukukkalu/Ande Kuruva. 206. Mandula. 207. Mang. 208. Mang Garodi/Mang Garudi. 209. Mangala/Mangali. 210. Manne. 211. Manne Dora/Manna Dora/Manna Dhora. 212. Maratha/Are Maratha. 213. Marwadi. 214. Matangi. 215. Medari/Mahendar/Meda/Madari. 216. Mehadi/Mehdi. 217. Mehtar. 218. Matha Ayyalvar/Mithula Ayyavarlu. 219. Modh Vania. 220. Mondi Vogula. 221. Muchi. 222. Mudiraj. 223. Mughal/Moghal. 224. Mukha Dora. 225. Mulia. 226. Musti Chenchu. 227. Muthuraja/Muthrasi. 228. Nagaralu. 229. Nagavamsam/Nagavasam. 230. Nakhasa/Nakhasulu. 231. Nakkala/Narikorava. 232. Natavalollu. 233. Nayak/Nayak Pod. 234. Neo-Buddhist/Nav Buddhist. 235. Nethagiri. 236. Neyyala. 237. Nhavi. 238. Nirshikari. 239. Niyogi Brahman. 240. Niyogi/Nandavarika Brahman. 241. Noor Basha. 242. Oddar/Odde. 243. Ontari. 244. Oriya. 245. Padigarajulu/Padigi Rajulu. 246. Padmasali/Padma Sale. 247. Pagativeshagallu. 248. Paky. 249. Paky/Thoti. 250. Pambala. 251. Pamidi/Paidi. 252. Pamula. 253. Panchama. 254. Pancharathra/Srivaishnava Brahman. 255. Pardhan. 256. Pardhi. 257. Pariki Muggula. 258. Paroja/Parja/Porja. 259. Parsi. 260. Pathan. 261. Patkar. 262. Patra/Gurika. 263. Patra/Patra Thanti. 264. Pattapu. 265. Pitchiguntla/Pichchiguntala. 266. Pondara. 267. Prathama Sakha Brahman. Part III: 268. Qureshi/Kureshi/Khureshi. 269. Rajannalu. 270. Rajput/Rajput Bondili. 271. Rama Jogula/Rama Jogulu. 272. Rangrez/Rangariju. 273. Ravulo/Ravulu. 274. Reddi Dora/Reddy Dora. 275. Reddika. 276. Reddi Christians. 277. Reddy/Akutota Reddy. 278. Reddy/Bhoomanchi Reddi. 279. Reddy/Desai Reddy. 280. Reddy/Desur Reddi. 281. Reddy/Dommari Kapu. 282. Reddy/Ganjam Reddy. 283. Reddy/Godugulanati Kapu. 284. Reddy/Gone Reddi. 285. Reddy/Gudati Reddi. 286. Reddy/Illela Reddy. 287. Reddy/Kodithi Kapu. 288. Reddy/Kuruva Kapu. 289. Reddy/Motati Reddy. 290. Reddy/Musugu Kapu. 291. Reddy/Nadal Reddy. 292. Reddy/Nadi Taram Reddy. 293. Reddy/Nanikonda Reddi. 294. Reddy/Nallelema/Nallevelama Kapu. 295. Reddy/Neravati Reddi. 296. Reddy/Pakanati Kapu/Pakanati Reddi. 297. Reddy/Paala Kapu. 298. Reddy/Palle Kapu/Palle Reddy. 299. Reddy/Panta Kapu/Panta Reddy. 300. Reddy/Pedakanti Kapu/Pedakanti Reddy. 301. Reddy/Pokanati Kapu/Pokanati Reddy. 302. Reddy/Renati Reddi. 303. Reddy/Sajjana Kapu/Sajjana Reddy. 304. Reddy/Sugamanchi Reddy. 305. Reddy/Varanasi Reddy. 306. Reddy/Velama Kapu. 307. Reddy/Velanati Reddi. 308. Reddy/Yerlam Kapu. 309. Relli. 310. Rona. 311. Runjalavallu/Jangam. 312. Sadaru. 313. Sadhu Chetty/Irupathinalu Manai Chetty. 314. Sahu Brahman. 315. Sakala Budbudike. 316. Sakunapakshollu. 317. Salapu. 318. Samayavallu. 319. Samban. 320. Saora. 321. Saora/Savara/Kapu Savara. 322. Saradagallu. 323. Sarangulu. 324. Satpurohitulu/Kamma Brahmans. 325. Saurashtra/Sourashtra Brahman/Pattusali. 326. Seelavanthulu. 327. Segedi/Srisayana. 328. Senapati. 329. Shaik/Sheikh. 330. Shia Imami Ismailis/Khoja. 331. Siddi. 332. Sikh/Punjabi Sikh. 333. Sikligar/Saiqalgar/Shikalgar/Sigligar Sikh. 334. Sindhi. 335. Sindhollu. 336. Sishta Karnam. 337. Smartha Brahman/Desastha Brahman. 338. Smartha Brahman/Mulkinadu Brahman. 339. Smartha Brahman/Veganati Brahman. 340. Sri Lankan Repatriates. 341. Sri Vaishnava Brahman/Iyengar Brahman. 342. Sudugadu Siddha. 343. Sugali. 344. Sunar. 345. Sundi/Sondi. 346. Swakulasali. 347. Syed/Saiyed/Sayyad/Mushaik. 348. Tambali/Tammali. 349. Tamilian. 350. Telaga. 351. Telaganya Brahman. 352. Telukula. 353. Thirugatigantla. 354.Thogataveera Kshatriya. 355. Tolakari. 356. Udupula/Vudupula. 357. Uppara. 358. Uppara/Chetti Uppara. 359. Vaikhanasa Brahman. 360. Valmiki. 361. Valmiki Christians. 362. Vanjari. 363. Vanniyakula Kshatriya/Vanniakula Kshatriya. 364. Veera Musti/Veera Mushti. 365. Veera Saiva/Vira Saivar/Veerasaiva Lingayat. 366. Velama/Koppala Velama. 367. Velama/Polinati Velama. 368. Velanadu/Velanati Brahman. 369. Vellala/Aghamudiar/Thuluva Vellala. 370. Vipravinodulu. 371. Viswabrahman. 372. Vishwakarma/Sthapathulu. 373. Vokkaliga.Morasu/Moras Kapu. 374. Vysya/Vaishya/Arya Vysya/Arya Vaisya/Komati/Komuti. 375. Vysya/Vaishya/Beri Chetty/Beri Vysya. 376. Vysya/Vaishya/Kalinga Komati. 377. Vysya/Vaishya/Trivarnika. 378. Yadava/Golla. 379. Yanadi. 380. Yanadi/Challa Yanadi. 381. Yata. 382. Yatagiri. 383. Yatla. 384. Yerukula. 385. Yerukula/Kapparallatippa. 386. Yerukula/Katherollu. 387. Yerukula/Korava/Koravar. 388. Yerukula/Kuncherukula/Kuncheti. 389. Yerukula/Dayyala Erukula/Pachchabotla. 390. Yite. Bio-anthropology of Andhra populations. Appendices: 1. A note on the Brahmans. 2. A note on the Reddis. Glossary. Bibliography. Index. "The Anthropological Survey of India launched the people of India project on October 2, 1985 to generate an anthropological profile of all communities of India, the impact on them of change and the development processes and the links that bring them together. As part of this all-India project, the ethnographic survey of all communities of present-day Andhra Pradesh was taken up in collaboration with local scholars. The results of the survey were discussed at workshops held in Mysore in July 1987 and later. The identity of the Andhra, which goes back to 6 century B.C., has evolved through history. This identity is now defined, inter alia, by language, territory, couture, cuisine, folklore, life-cycle ceremonies and local forms of religion. Andhra Pradesh has the largest number of communities in India (386), including the largest number of artisans and non-pastoralist nomads. Its ecology explains the presence of numerous tribes, including the primitive groups, peasants, pastoralists, fisherfolk and others in its three distinct regions. The minorities present in sizeable numbers, have maintained their identities and enriched Andhra ethos. While Telugu is the dominant language and the language of the State, there are other languages spoken which belong to the Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic and Indo-Aryan families. The incidence of bilingualism is high in Hindi, Urdu and other Dravidian languages. The ethnographic traits that stand out are the higher incidence of forms of consanguineous marriages, particularly FSD, MBD and uncle-niece, among a large number of the communities, a marked presence of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, briderprice—and now dowry, reportedly the highest in the country—divisions such as phratry and moiety among the Gonds and other groups, interperu or surname exogamy, etc. Sororal polygyny, male and female equigeniture, women’s multiple roles in the socioreligious and economic spheres, their equality in many communities and their struggles, an extensive distribution of arts and crafts across communities, vibrant folk and classical traditions represented by the typical Andhra dance, Kuchipudi. Andhra also returns the highest incidence of child labour, a larger number of the landless community etc. Another feature has been the dominance of a few communities who have spread across most of the state and moved into government service, business, trade and industries with attendant benefits in education, politics and economy. Andhra has seen the rise of the Bhoodan movement for land distribution, it has been a centre of many popular struggles, a pioneer in Panchayati Raj and rural development, women’s empowerment and overall development, and is now a leader in information technology.